In a concerning development that highlights the growing risks associated with GLP-1 weight-loss medications, poison control centers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey have reported a dramatic surge in calls related to these drugs.

The report, released on May 27, 2025, reveals that exposures at New Jersey's poison control center jumped from just 29 cases in 2021 to a staggering 189 cases in 2024. Similarly, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia saw cases nearly double from 95 in 2023 to 192 in 2024, with 126 cases already recorded in early 2025.

Common Symptoms Reported

Many callers reported experiencing severe symptoms after taking these medications, including:

• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea and abdominal pain
• Dizziness and confusion
• Rapid heart rate
• Difficulty breathing

Counterfeit Products Pose Major Risk

One of the most concerning aspects of this report is the prevalence of counterfeit GLP-1 medications. With the high cost of FDA-approved versions and ongoing shortages, many patients have turned to online sources or compounding pharmacies that may not provide the same level of safety and efficacy.

Dr. Sarah Johnson, director of the New Jersey Poison Control Center, emphasized the dangers: "We're seeing patients who have purchased these medications from unverified sources, often at a fraction of the cost of legitimate prescriptions. These products may contain incorrect dosages, impurities, or even completely different active ingredients."

Dosing Errors Common

Another significant factor contributing to the surge in poison control calls is dosing errors. GLP-1 medications require careful titration, with doses typically starting low and gradually increasing. However, many patients, eager for faster results, may skip recommended dose increases or take multiple doses in a short period.

"These medications work by slowing gastric emptying and reducing appetite," explains Dr. Michael Chen, a gastroenterologist at the University of Pennsylvania. "When taken incorrectly, they can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and potentially dangerous side effects."

Impact on Healthcare System

The surge in poison control calls represents just the tip of the iceberg. Many patients experiencing severe side effects from GLP-1 medications require emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and ongoing medical care.

According to recent data, an estimated 24,499 people visited emergency departments for adverse events related to semaglutide in just two years following its approval for weight loss. This represents a significant burden on the healthcare system and highlights the need for better patient education and monitoring.

Recommendations for Patients

Healthcare providers and poison control centers are urging patients to:

• Only obtain GLP-1 medications through legitimate pharmacies with valid prescriptions
• Follow dosing instructions carefully and never exceed prescribed amounts
• Be aware of potential side effects and seek medical attention if symptoms are severe
• Avoid purchasing medications from online sources without proper verification
• Report any adverse effects to their healthcare provider and the FDA

Legal Implications

This surge in poison control calls adds to the growing body of evidence being used in lawsuits against manufacturers of GLP-1 medications. Plaintiffs in these cases argue that the companies failed to adequately warn patients about the risks of these medications and did not provide sufficient guidance on proper usage.

With over 1,800 lawsuits currently pending in the federal multidistrict litigation (MDL), this new data from poison control centers may strengthen the plaintiffs' arguments regarding the widespread nature of adverse effects associated with these medications.